5. Parisavaggo

43. ‘‘Dvemā , bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Uttānā ca parisā gambhīrā ca parisā. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, uttānā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū uddhatā honti unnaḷā capalā mukharā vikiṇṇavācā muṭṭhassatī asampajānā asamāhitā vibbhantacittā pākatindriyā. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, uttānā parisā.

‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, gambhīrā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū anuddhatā honti anunnaḷā acapalā amukharā avikiṇṇavācā upaṭṭhitassatī sampajānā samāhitā ekaggacittā saṃvutindriyā. Ayaṃ vuccati , bhikkhave, gambhīrā parisā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ gambhīrā parisā’’ti.

44. ‘‘Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Vaggā ca parisā samaggā ca parisā. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, vaggā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, vaggā parisā.

‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, samaggā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṃ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, samaggā parisā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ samaggā parisā’’ti.

45. ‘‘Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Anaggavatī ca parisā aggavatī ca parisā. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, anaggavatī parisā? Idha , bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ therā bhikkhū bāhulikā [bāhullikā (syā. kaṃ. ka.) ṭīkā oloketabbā] honti sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā, na vīriyaṃ ārabhanti appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Tesaṃ pacchimā janatā diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati. Sāpi hoti bāhulikā sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā, na vīriyaṃ ārabhati appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, anaggavatī parisā.

‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, aggavatī parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ therā bhikkhū na bāhulikā honti na sāthalikā, okkamane nikkhittadhurā, paviveke pubbaṅgamā, vīriyaṃ ārabhanti appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Tesaṃ pacchimā janatā diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati. Sāpi hoti na bāhulikā na sāthalikā, okkamane nikkhittadhurā, paviveke pubbaṅgamā, vīriyaṃ ārabhati appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, aggavatī parisā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ aggavatī parisā’’ti.

46. ‘‘Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Anariyā ca parisā ariyā ca parisā. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, anariyā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānanti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānanti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānanti , ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, anariyā parisā.

‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, ariyā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānanti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānanti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānanti , ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ariyā parisā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ ariyā parisā’’ti.



5. 众品
43. "诸比丘,有两种众会。哪两种?浅薄的众会和深奥的众会。诸比丘,什么是浅薄的众会?在此,诸比丘,在某些众会中,比丘们骄傲、自负、轻浮、多言、言语散乱、失念、不正知、不专注、心散乱、诸根放纵。诸比丘,这被称为浅薄的众会。
诸比丘,什么是深奥的众会?在此,诸比丘,在某些众会中,比丘们不骄傲、不自负、不轻浮、不多言、言语不散乱、念住、正知、专注、心一境性、诸根防护。诸比丘,这被称为深奥的众会。诸比丘,这就是两种众会。诸比丘,在这两种众会中,深奥的众会是最殊胜的。"
44. "诸比丘,有两种众会。哪两种?不和谐的众会和和谐的众会。诸比丘,什么是不和谐的众会?在此,诸比丘,在某些众会中,比丘们争吵、争斗、争论,以言语之刃相互攻击而住。诸比丘,这被称为不和谐的众会。
诸比丘,什么是和谐的众会?在此,诸比丘,在某些众会中,比丘们和睦、欢喜、不争论,如水乳交融,以慈爱的眼光相互注视而住。诸比丘,这被称为和谐的众会。诸比丘,这就是两种众会。诸比丘,在这两种众会中,和谐的众会是最殊胜的。"
45. "诸比丘,有两种众会。哪两种?非上首的众会和上首的众会。诸比丘,什么是非上首的众会?在此,诸比丘,在某些众会中,长老比丘们奢侈、懈怠,在退堕上领先,在独处上放弃责任,不为未得而得、未证而证、未实现而实现而精进。后来的人效仿他们的行为。他们也变得奢侈、懈怠,在退堕上领先,在独处上放弃责任,不为未得而得、未证而证、未实现而实现而精进。诸比丘,这被称为非上首的众会。
诸比丘,什么是上首的众会?在此,诸比丘,在某些众会中,长老比丘们不奢侈、不懈怠,在退堕上放弃责任,在独处上领先,为未得而得、未证而证、未实现而实现而精进。后来的人效仿他们的行为。他们也变得不奢侈、不懈怠,在退堕上放弃责任,在独处上领先,为未得而得、未证而证、未实现而实现而精进。诸比丘,这被称为上首的众会。诸比丘,这就是两种众会。诸比丘,在这两种众会中,上首的众会是最殊胜的。"
46. "诸比丘,有两种众会。哪两种?非圣众会和圣众会。诸比丘,什么是非圣众会?在此,诸比丘,在某些众会中,比丘们不如实了知'这是苦',不如实了知'这是苦集',不如实了知'这是苦灭',不如实了知'这是趣向苦灭之道'。诸比丘,这被称为非圣众会。
诸比丘,什么是圣众会?在此,诸比丘,在某些众会中,比丘们如实了知'这是苦',如实了知'这是苦集',如实了知'这是苦灭',如实了知'这是趣向苦灭之道'。诸比丘,这被称为圣众会。诸比丘,这就是两种众会。诸比丘,在这两种众会中,圣众会是最殊胜的。"

47. ‘‘Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Parisākasaṭo ca parisāmaṇḍo ca. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, parisākasaṭo? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū chandāgatiṃ gacchanti, dosāgatiṃ gacchanti, mohāgatiṃ gacchanti, bhayāgatiṃ gacchanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, parisākasaṭo.

‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, parisāmaṇḍo? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū na chandāgatiṃ gacchanti, na dosāgatiṃ gacchanti, na mohāgatiṃ gacchanti, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, parisāmaṇḍo. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ parisāmaṇḍo’’ti.

48. ‘‘Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Okkācitavinītā parisā nopaṭipucchāvinītā, paṭipucchāvinītā parisā nookkācitavinītā. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, okkācitavinītā parisā nopaṭipucchāvinītā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū ye te suttantā tathāgatabhāsitā gambhīrā gambhīratthā lokuttarā suññatāpaṭisaṃyuttā tesu bhaññamānesu na sussūsanti na sotaṃ odahanti na aññā cittaṃ upaṭṭhapenti na ca te dhamme uggahetabbaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbaṃ maññanti. Ye pana te suttantā kavitā [kavikatā (sabbattha) ṭīkā oloketabbā] kāveyyā cittakkharā cittabyañjanā bāhirakā sāvakabhāsitā tesu bhaññamānesu sussūsanti sotaṃ odahanti aññā cittaṃ upaṭṭhapenti, te dhamme uggahetabbaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbaṃ maññanti, te ca taṃ dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇitvā na ceva aññamaññaṃ paṭipucchanti na ca paṭivicaranti – ‘idaṃ kathaṃ, imassa ko attho’ti? Te avivaṭañceva na vivaranti, anuttānīkatañca na uttānīkaronti, anekavihitesu ca kaṅkhāṭhāniyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṃ na paṭivinodenti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, okkācitavinītā parisā no paṭipucchāvinītā.

‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, paṭipucchāvinītā parisā nookkācitavinītā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū ye te suttantā kavitā kāveyyā cittakkharā cittabyañjanā bāhirakā sāvakabhāsitā tesu bhaññamānesu na sussūsanti na sotaṃ odahanti na aññā cittaṃ upaṭṭhapenti, na ca te dhamme uggahetabbaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbaṃ maññanti. Ye pana te suttantā tathāgatabhāsitā gambhīrā gambhīratthā lokuttarā suññatāpaṭisaṃyuttā tesu bhaññamānesu sussūsanti sotaṃ odahanti aññā cittaṃ upaṭṭhapenti, te ca dhamme uggahetabbaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbaṃ maññanti. Te taṃ dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇitvā aññamaññaṃ paṭipucchanti paṭivicaranti – ‘idaṃ kathaṃ, imassa ko attho’ti? Te avivaṭañceva vivaranti, anuttānīkatañca uttānīkaronti, anekavihitesu ca kaṅkhāṭhāniyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinodenti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, paṭipucchāvinītā parisā nookkācitavinītā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ paṭipucchāvinītā parisā nookkācitavinītā’’ti.



47. "诸比丘,有两种众会。哪两种?劣质的众会和精华的众会。诸比丘,什么是劣质的众会?在此,诸比丘,在某些众会中,比丘们因贪欲而偏离,因嗔恨而偏离,因愚痴而偏离,因恐惧而偏离。诸比丘,这被称为劣质的众会。
诸比丘,什么是精华的众会?在此,诸比丘,在某些众会中,比丘们不因贪欲而偏离,不因嗔恨而偏离,不因愚痴而偏离,不因恐惧而偏离。诸比丘,这被称为精华的众会。诸比丘,这就是两种众会。诸比丘,在这两种众会中,精华的众会是最殊胜的。"
48. "诸比丘,有两种众会。哪两种?以赞美教导的众会而非以质问教导的,以质问教导的众会而非以赞美教导的。诸比丘,什么是以赞美教导的众会而非以质问教导的?在此,诸比丘,在某些众会中,当那些如来所说的甚深、意义深奥、出世间、与空性相应的经典被诵读时,比丘们不愿意听,不倾耳谛听,不专心思考,也不认为应当学习和掌握这些法。然而,当那些诗人创作的、诗意的、文字优美、措辞华丽、外道所说、声闻所说的经典被诵读时,他们愿意听,倾耳谛听,专心思考,认为应当学习和掌握这些法。他们学习了这些法之后,既不相互询问,也不深入探讨:'这是什么意思?这有什么含义?'他们既不阐明未阐明之处,也不解释未解释之处,对于许多可能引起疑惑的法,他们不去消除疑惑。诸比丘,这被称为以赞美教导的众会而非以质问教导的。
诸比丘,什么是以质问教导的众会而非以赞美教导的?在此,诸比丘,在某些众会中,当那些诗人创作的、诗意的、文字优美、措辞华丽、外道所说、声闻所说的经典被诵读时,比丘们不愿意听,不倾耳谛听,不专心思考,也不认为应当学习和掌握这些法。然而,当那些如来所说的甚深、意义深奥、出世间、与空性相应的经典被诵读时,他们愿意听,倾耳谛听,专心思考,认为应当学习和掌握这些法。他们学习了这些法之后,相互询问,深入探讨:'这是什么意思?这有什么含义?'他们阐明未阐明之处,解释未解释之处,对于许多可能引起疑惑的法,他们去消除疑惑。诸比丘,这被称为以质问教导的众会而非以赞美教导的。诸比丘,这就是两种众会。诸比丘,在这两种众会中,以质问教导的众会而非以赞美教导的是最殊胜的。"

49. ‘‘Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Āmisagaru parisā no saddhammagaru, saddhammagaru parisā no āmisagaru. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, āmisagaru parisā no saddhammagaru? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū gihīnaṃ odātavasanānaṃ sammukhā aññamaññassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti – ‘asuko bhikkhu ubhatobhāgavimutto, asuko paññāvimutto , asuko kāyasakkhī , asuko diṭṭhippatto, asuko saddhāvimutto, asuko dhammānusārī, asuko saddhānusārī, asuko sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo, asuko dussīlo pāpadhammo’ti. Te tena lābhaṃ labhanti. Te taṃ lābhaṃ labhitvā gathitā [gadhitā (ka.)] mucchitā ajjhopannā [ajjhosānā (ka.), anajjhopannā (sī. syā. ka.) tikanipāte kusināravagge paṭhamasuttaṭīkā oloketabbā] anādīnavadassāvino anissaraṇapaññā paribhuñjanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, āmisagaru parisā no saddhammagaru.

‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, saddhammagaru parisā noāmisagaru? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū gihīnaṃ odātavasanānaṃ sammukhā aññamaññassa vaṇṇaṃ na bhāsanti – ‘asuko bhikkhu ubhatobhāgavimutto, asuko paññāvimutto, asuko kāyasakkhī, asuko diṭṭhippatto, asuko saddhāvimutto, asuko dhammānussārī, asuko saddhānusārī, asuko sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo, asuko dussīlo pāpadhammo’ti. Te tena lābhaṃ labhanti. Te taṃ lābhaṃ labhitvā agathitā amucchitā anajjhosannā ādīnavadassāvino nissaraṇapaññā paribhuñjanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, saddhammagaru parisā noāmisagaru. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ saddhammagaru parisā noāmisagarū’’ti.

50. ‘‘Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Visamā ca parisā samā ca parisā. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, visamā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ adhammakammāni pavattanti dhammakammāni nappavattanti , avinayakammāni pavattanti vinayakammāni nappavattanti, adhammakammāni dippanti dhammakammāni na dippanti, avinayakammāni dippanti vinayakammāni na dippanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, visamā parisā. ( ) [(visamattā bhikkhave parisāya adhammakammāni pavattanti… vinayakammāni na dippanti.) (sī. pī.)]

‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, samā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ dhammakammāni pavattanti adhammakammāni nappavattanti, vinayakammāni pavattanti avinayakammāni nappavattanti, dhammakammāni dippanti adhammakammāni na dippanti, vinayakammāni dippanti avinayakammāni na dippanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, samā parisā. ( ) [(samattā bhikkhave parisāya dhammakammāni pavattanti… avinayakammāni na dippanti.) (sī. pī.)] Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ samā parisā’’ti.

51. ‘‘Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Adhammikā ca parisā dhammikā ca parisā…pe… imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ dhammikā parisā’’ti.



49. "诸比丘,有两种众会。哪两种?重视物质的众会而不重视正法,重视正法的众会而不重视物质。诸比丘,什么是重视物质的众会而不重视正法?在此,诸比丘,在某些众会中,比丘们在穿白衣的居士面前互相赞美:'某某比丘是俱解脱者,某某是慧解脱者,某某是身证者,某某是见至者,某某是信解脱者,某某是随法行者,某某是随信行者,某某持戒具善法,某某破戒具恶法。'他们因此获得利养。获得这些利养后,他们贪着、迷醉、沉溺其中,不见过患,不知出离而受用。诸比丘,这被称为重视物质的众会而不重视正法。
诸比丘,什么是重视正法的众会而不重视物质?在此,诸比丘,在某些众会中,比丘们不在穿白衣的居士面前互相赞美:'某某比丘是俱解脱者,某某是慧解脱者,某某是身证者,某某是见至者,某某是信解脱者,某某是随法行者,某某是随信行者,某某持戒具善法,某某破戒具恶法。'他们因此获得利养。获得这些利养后,他们不贪着、不迷醉、不沉溺其中,能见过患,具出离智而受用。诸比丘,这被称为重视正法的众会而不重视物质。诸比丘,这就是两种众会。诸比丘,在这两种众会中,重视正法的众会而不重视物质是最殊胜的。"
50. "诸比丘,有两种众会。哪两种?不平等的众会和平等的众会。诸比丘,什么是不平等的众会?在此,诸比丘,在某些众会中,非法的行为盛行而如法的行为不盛行,非律的行为盛行而如律的行为不盛行,非法的行为显耀而如法的行为不显耀,非律的行为显耀而如律的行为不显耀。诸比丘,这被称为不平等的众会。
诸比丘,什么是平等的众会?在此,诸比丘,在某些众会中,如法的行为盛行而非法的行为不盛行,如律的行为盛行而非律的行为不盛行,如法的行为显耀而非法的行为不显耀,如律的行为显耀而非律的行为不显耀。诸比丘,这被称为平等的众会。诸比丘,这就是两种众会。诸比丘,在这两种众会中,平等的众会是最殊胜的。"
51. "诸比丘,有两种众会。哪两种?非法的众会和如法的众会...诸比丘,这就是两种众会。诸比丘,在这两种众会中,如法的众会是最殊胜的。"

52. ‘‘Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Adhammavādinī ca parisā dhammavādinī ca parisā. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, adhammavādinī parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū adhikaraṇaṃ ādiyanti dhammikaṃ vā adhammikaṃ vā. Te taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ ādiyitvā na ceva aññamaññaṃ saññāpenti na ca saññattiṃ upagacchanti, na ca nijjhāpenti na ca nijjhattiṃ upagacchanti. Te asaññattibalā anijjhattibalā appaṭinissaggamantino tameva adhikaraṇaṃ thāmasā parāmāsā [parāmassa (sī. pī.)] abhinivissa voharanti – ‘idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, adhammavādinī parisā.

‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, dhammavādinī parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū adhikaraṇaṃ ādiyanti dhammikaṃ vā adhammikaṃ vā. Te taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ ādiyitvā aññamaññaṃ saññāpenti ceva saññattiñca upagacchanti, nijjhāpenti ceva nijjhattiñca upagacchanti. Te saññattibalā nijjhattibalā paṭinissaggamantino, na tameva adhikaraṇaṃ thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa voharanti – ‘idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dhammavādinī parisā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ dhammavādinī parisā’’ti.

Parisavaggo pañcamo.

Tassuddānaṃ –

Uttānā vaggā aggavatī, ariyā kasaṭo ca pañcamo;

Okkācitaāmisañceva, visamā adhammādhammiyena cāti.

Paṭhamo paṇṇāsako samatto.



52. "诸比丘,有两种众会。哪两种?非法语的众会和如法语的众会。诸比丘,什么是非法语的众会?在此,诸比丘,在某些众会中,比丘们提出争论,无论是如法的还是非法的。他们提出争论后,既不相互劝导,也不接受劝导,既不相互说服,也不接受说服。他们不以劝导的力量,不以说服的力量,不愿意放弃,而是坚持己见,固执己见,宣称:'只有这才是真实的,其他都是虚妄的。'诸比丘,这被称为非法语的众会。
诸比丘,什么是如法语的众会?在此,诸比丘,在某些众会中,比丘们提出争论,无论是如法的还是非法的。他们提出争论后,相互劝导并接受劝导,相互说服并接受说服。他们以劝导的力量,以说服的力量,愿意放弃,不坚持己见,不固执己见,不宣称:'只有这才是真实的,其他都是虚妄的。'诸比丘,这被称为如法语的众会。诸比丘,这就是两种众会。诸比丘,在这两种众会中,如法语的众会是最殊胜的。"
众品第五
其摘要如下:
浅薄、不和谐、非上首、非圣、劣质为第五;
赞美、重视物质、不平等、非法、非法语。
第一个五十经完结。

2. Dutiyapaṇṇāsakaṃ

2. 第二个五十经

